ok so its weird i do not know this answer because i play bass / make tabs and obviously know the notes on my fret board. but a friend asked me and i cant really think of how to explain sharp and flat. i know its the fret between the whole note… but arent the the same in that sence? it could be called gb or f sharp for example?
Yup. The only ones that not applying to being, again, an E sharp/F flat and a B sharp/C flat, because as you can see from the image above, there's no such thing.
Yes, for every half-step you tune down, standard notes shift up one fret. So if you tune down 1/2 a step, then the open 4th string is D sharp/E flat, which means standard E would be on the first fret. Tuned down a full step, the standard E would be on the second fret, etc.
Thats not a dumb question bro all of us used to have this problem before or while playing bass but yeah Lon's explanation is more than enough to explain the #(Sharps) & b(Flats)